THE IMPOSSIBLE OCEAN WORLD

The Impossible Ocean World: Discovering RS 8513-928-8-5906584-40 A1 

Welcome cosmic explorers! Today's Space Engine discovery will leave you questioning everything you thought you knew about habitable worlds. I've stumbled upon an extraordinary planet that defies our understanding of what makes a world hospitable—a place where scorching temperatures and liquid oceans coexist in ways that would make planetary scientists rethink their textbooks.

Join me as we dive into the mysteries of RS 8513-928-8-5906584-40 A1, a world where the impossible becomes reality.

Physical Characteristics: Earth's Scalding Cousin

At first glance, RS 8513-928-8-5906584-40 A1 (let's call it "RS-A1" for brevity) looks deceptively Earth-like. With a radius of 5,455.83 km, it's approximately 85% of Earth's size—similar to Venus. Its mass of 3.3143×10^24 kg gives it about 55% of Earth's heft, creating a surface gravity of 7.43 m/s² where you'd weigh about 76% of your Earth weight.

What's particularly fascinating is its perfectly spherical shape with zero oblateness—unlike Earth, which bulges at the equator due to rotation. This perfect sphere suggests unique formation conditions or internal composition unlike anything in our solar system.

The planet's Earth Similarity Index (ESI) of 0.759 might initially suggest habitability, but as we'll see, appearances can be deceiving.

Composition & Structure: A Metallic Heart with Water Armor

Peering beneath the surface reveals RS-A1's unusual architecture:

• Massive metallic core: 22.1% of its volume (compared to Earth's 17%)
• Dominant silicate mantle: 68.2%
• Substantial water envelope: 9.72%

This composition sets RS-A1 apart from our solar system's terrestrial planets. Its high density of 4.87 g/cm³—approaching Earth's 5.51 g/cm³—confirms significant metal content despite its water-rich nature.

The planet essentially has a structure like Earth wrapped in a water layer that would be substantial enough to create a global ocean hundreds of meters deep—if conditions allowed.

Climate Conditions: The Great Temperature Paradox

Here's where things get weird. Space Engine classifies RS-A1 as "temperate," yet it exhibits some of the most extreme temperature conditions imaginable:

Surface air temperature: A blistering 141.12°C (286°F)—hot enough to cook most proteins instantly

Effective temperature: 68.36°C (155°F)

Greenhouse effect contribution: 48.10°C

Average temperature is only -20.78°C because planet is tidally locked to its star.

With an insolation value of 5.4551 (receiving 5.45 times more stellar energy than Earth gets from the Sun), RS-A1 is bombarded with radiation from its red dwarf parent star.

this is dark side of a planet, remember that it is tidally locked! it is so bright because of reflection of a nearby ice supergiant!!!

This is not the star of this planet!! this is nearby ice supergiant which reflects star to planets dark side!!

Atmosphere: Pressure Cooker Chemistry

The atmosphere of RS-A1 is a dense, toxic brew that would kill an unprotected human instantly:

Crushing pressure: 31.04 atmospheres (Earth: 1 atmosphere)

Composition: 73.3% CO₂, 19.2% H₂O vapor, 6.04% SO₂, 1.43% N₂

This pressure is lower than Venus (92 atmospheres) but still enough to crush most Earth submarines. The CO₂-dominant atmosphere creates a runaway greenhouse effect, while the high concentration of SO₂ would produce acid rain in any areas cool enough for precipitation.

The atmosphere extends 88.24 km above the surface with a tropopause (weather layer boundary) at 30.54 km—nearly three times higher than Earth's. Sound travels through this dense air at 334.73 m/s, similar to Earth despite the dramatically different conditions.

this is the star of this system which is extremely close to planet!

Orbital Characteristics: The Dance of Fire

RS-A1 orbits perilously close to its red dwarf star:

Orbital period: Just 2.727 Earth days

Semimajor axis: 2,876,501 km (Mercury, our innermost planet, orbits at 57.9 million km)

Near-circular orbit: Eccentricity of only 0.001

Blazing orbital velocity: 76.71 km/sec (Earth: 29.78 km/sec)

The minimal axial tilt (0°) means no seasons, just permanent climate zones based on distance from the day-night terminator.

red orbit is orbit of RS-A1. i took photo at a distance of 0.15AU!!

at 0.20AU distance you can barely see orbit of a RS-A1

Age and History: A Mature World

At 2.318 billion years old, RS-A1 has existed for roughly half of Earth's lifetime. This maturity suggests its extreme conditions are stable long-term features, not temporary anomalies.

The planet has likely been cooking in its star's intense radiation for billions of years, gradually losing lighter atmospheric elements and concentrating heavier gases like CO₂ and SO₂.

Hydrosphere: The Impossible Ocean

Here's the most mind-blowing feature of RS-A1: despite surface temperatures of 141°C, it has liquid water oceans with:

Maximum depth: 552.01 meters

Water temperature: 116.52°C (241°F)

Pressure at ocean floor: 71.47 atmospheres

On Earth, water boils at 100°C at sea level. So how can RS-A1 have liquid oceans at 116°C? The answer lies in pressure physics. Under RS-A1's crushing atmospheric pressure of 31 atmospheres, water's boiling point rises to 232.49°C, allowing for the existence of superheated liquid water oceans!

These aren't your refreshing Earth oceans—they're literally hot enough to cook food instantly and would dissolve many minerals that remain solid in Earth's oceans

Bizarre Features That Defy Expectations

RS-A1 challenges our understanding of planetary science in several extraordinary ways:

Superheated Oceans: The existence of liquid water at temperatures above 100°C is a phenomenon we don't observe naturally on Earth.

Perfect Sphericity: Despite its rotation, the planet maintains a perfect spherical shape with zero oblateness.

Temperature Extremes: The combination of high average temperatures with potential polar or night-side freezing creates dramatic environmental contrasts.

Pressure Gradient: The pressure difference from atmosphere (31 atm) to deep ocean floor (71 atm) would create unique convection patterns and circulation systems.

Chemical Potential: The hot, pressurized water could dissolve minerals and elements in configurations impossible on Earth, potentially creating exotic compounds.

Exploration Potential: Engineering Challenges and Scientific Gold

Exploring RS-A1 would require entirely new technologies:

• Heat-resistant rovers designed to operate at 140°C+
• Pressure vessels capable of withstanding 31+ atmospheres
• Corrosion-resistant materials to handle the acidic atmospheric components
• Specialized submarine drones for the superheated oceans

The scientific payoff would be immense:

• Understanding water chemistry under extreme temperature-pressure regimes
• Studying mineral formations in superheated water environments
• Investigating whether exotic life chemistry could emerge in these conditions
• Examining atmospheric dynamics in a tidally-locked pressure cooker world

Final Thoughts: Redefining "Habitable"

RS 8513-928-8-5906584-40 A1 forces us to reconsider what makes a world "temperate" or potentially habitable. While utterly hostile to Earth life, its stable liquid water, albeit superheated, opens fascinating questions about alternative biochemistries.

This world exists in a twilight zone between traditional rocky planets and water worlds, with conditions that make Venus look hospitable by comparison—yet paradoxically maintaining liquid oceans that Venus lacks entirely.

As Space Engine continues to reveal these extreme worlds, we're reminded that the universe's reality far exceeds our imagination. What other impossible planets await discovery? And what does the existence of worlds like RS-A1 tell us about the true diversity of planetary conditions across the cosmos?

HDR photo of a nearby ice supergiant!

photo mode of a nearby ice supergiant!!

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